Andrew's belief demonstrates: Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future are called our: According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to _______ and our losses to _______. A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. B. better about their speech and appearance Quiz 1,2, & 3 Flashcards | Quizlet If you made an internal, unstable attribution for Roger's promotion, then you might think to yourself, "Roger probably worked really hard to get that promotion!". If you ask Raquel about her stocks, she makes self-serving attributions; she says: "I was very clever to invest in that first company, but I just had bad luck losing so much money with the other one." D. other-centered, The extent to which we evaluate our abilities and opinions by comparing ourselves to others is called: -After ordering a cheeseburger for lunch, Dorothy thinks to herself, "well, my diet is already blown for the day; I might as well order a dessert too." B. self-serving bias the false uniqueness effect is quizlet Recently, Krueger and Clement (1997; see also Krueger, 1998) argued that the simple assumption that all respondents believe they are in the majority, regardless of true major-ity status, can account for both the false consensus effect and the uniqueness bias. D. social identity, Blaming the tree for getting in your way after you crashed the car is an example of: Wing Tung is reading his textbook for history class. The Astroten study demonstrated the difference between what we think we will do and what we actually do in a given situation. Quia - Social Psychology Chapter 2 If Raquel is like most people, then she will MOST likely. D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation. When she goes to college, she meets a Hispanic student. Describe the major characteristics of the garage coverage form. -You are trying not to think about the fact that you made a fool of yourself at a party last weekend, but the more you try not to think about it, the more the thought keeps popping into your head. Whenever you smell coconut oil, you tend to think about your recent vacation in the Bahamas (where you and your friends used lots of coconut suntan oil). When people engage in the gambler's fallacy, they. False Uniqueness Effect: The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors: Group-Serving Bias: Explaining away outgroup members' positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one's own group . B. success and distance ourselves from failure. the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and one's desirable or successful behaviors. After answering all the other questions, he goes back to 31 and starts to believe that perhaps C was the right answer. It makes you feel better to see how you did in comparison to other students. A. transparency B. audience C. spotlight D. halo, 2. D. illusion of transparency, When we compare ourselves with others, most of us tend to: C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you Confusion over why someone treats you in a particular way is called a. emotional climate b. expectancy effect attributional ambiguity d. self-fulfilling prophecy 14. C. he is demonstrating false pride Why did the clown park his car in a red zone, where he might get a ticket? the difference between automatic and controlled thinking. A. self-schemas B. The only difference is whom it comes from. A. The false uniqueness effect occurs when. C. ignore our strengths and focus on their strengths A. compare ourselves to close friends Research demonstrates that, in counterfactual thinking, people engage in far more __________ than __________. B. terror management theory Curse of knowledge: When those who are experts in their field tend to talk above people around them on that topic. -men and women seem to use different techniques to count sex partners, and seem to define "sex" slightly differently. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." Polina is 3 years old. A. individualists; collectivists the false uniqueness effect is quizletfeathered friend questions and answers. D. emotions, Which of the following is false? What is the difference between internal attribution and external attribution? Suls and Wan (1987) extend the motivational account and propose that false uniqueness can contribute to one's self esteem Your mind races to determine whether to make an internal attribution ("Is this guy just crazy?") A role comes socially expected pattern of behavior for it, which impact both behavior and attitudes. A. liberal Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. A. self-handicapping Two studies adopted a traditional false consensus paradigm and investigated the relative magnitude of the FCE between the two cultures in three different categories of personal choices (Study 1) and behavioral choices involving hypothetical conflict situations (Study 2). When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people Some income from capital is taxed twice. Even though you are not actually ill at all, as you walk home from the hospital you do so with a slight limp, and begin lightly coughing. B. weak Basically, you feel less restraint and you forget about moral values and act spontaneously. This cognitive bias tells us that our "sense" is common sense and that differing opinions are "abnormal.". Thus, sometimes individuals tend to believe that others are more similar to them than is actually the case. A. small, selective university The covariation principle was proposed by Harold Kelley. . C. average A. rare stressors, such as a family crisis When people encounter information that is at odds with an existing schema. Counterregulation occurs when people indulge in a behavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulation failure. B. experience more stress Psychologists have often attributed the false-consensus effect to a desire to view one's thoughts as appropriate, normal, and correct, and a plethora of experimental evidence has supported the phenomenon. A. a self-fulfilling prophecy Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! then it is unclear what type of attributions people will make. C. high self-efficacy According to Myers, the best term for this symptom is: Sociology is the study of groups of people. B. conservative D. social roles, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. A. postive D. self-schema. It Affects Future Purchases: When you are planning to take a car. Please sign in to share these flashcards. Many people don't quit smoking despite all the negative health information available. Even though there are not many astronauts in the world, you might immediately assume that this person is an astronaut just because he or she fits your image of what an astronaut is like. A. individualistic -case history informationregardless of whether or not it is the first time they have purchased a car. Yet Joe persists in his belief that people from "up north" are snobby. I wouldn't have hit that stupid tree and ended up getting this huge ticket! C. we can overcome anything Solved Which of the following statements is true about the | Chegg.com When people make the fundamental attribution error about entire groups of people (as opposed to individuals), psychologists say that they are making the ultimate attribution error. B. self-monitoring D. variable (depending on if it is related to school or not), The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. He's afraid of being unemployed and alone. What is the difference between compliance and obedience? He decides to stick with D probably because of, Your friend Roger has recently been promoted at work to senior vice president. Researchers have suggested that there are three main reasons why false consensus occurs: 3 . This is an example of: She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. In that class, the teacher works with students to help them identify the criteria they use to make decisions, and points out how some of the criteria might not produce the desired outcomes. B. the duration D. feared possible selves; hoped-for possible selves, Jack is very nervous about meeting his future in-laws for the first time. The first 19 flips are all heads. False Uniqueness Effect: study guides and answers on Quizlet What are the three types of social influence in regards to conformity? C. average You have no idea how old he is. C. individualists make comparisons with others to boost their self-esteem She is trying to take her mind off of her ex-boyfriend, though, and to focus her attention on other things instead. D. neither individual achievement nor relationships. A. internal or an external attribution ("Did I say something to provoke him?"). She therefore has a(n) _______ locus of control. Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience. A. social rank The false uniqueness effect is the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and successful behaviors. D. learned helplessness, Political conservatives tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. A. the false uniqueness effect. Explain Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. Individuals tend to think that their attributes and traits are more uncommon and rare than they actually are. psych exam review: chapter 9 Flashcards | Quizlet This pattern can be attributed to statistical regression. A. depression C. average C. general; truthful In part 1, be sure to name and define the effect you have chosen. D. self awareness, According to the text, self-esteem typically _____ in Japanese exchange students after they spend several months at a Canadian university. B. self-concept APA Dictionary of Psychology D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, Goel et al. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. The false uniqueness effect is. Resources And Scarcity Quiz QuizletIndividuals, businesses, and D. genetics, The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. This is very shocking to you. A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure. Solved 11. Many people explain poverty as being related to a - Chegg A. excel. Who will make the best prediction of how long her new relationship will last? Business Driven Technology QuizletBusiness driven development is a Jules hated the book, and seems to feel that the reviewer also hated it. The next morning, however, his mood returned to normal. A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action C. large, selective university Solved Question Completion Status: A Moving to another | Chegg.com A. the left hemisphere Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. D. neither the intensity nor the duration, The false uniqueness effect is: The three factors that impact conformity are unanimity of the group, mode of responding, and status of group members. A. you are the best predictor of your behaviors C. illusion of transparency; self-reference B. weak One explanation for the false consensus effect is that people use their own attitudes and behaviors as "anchors" for predicting others' attitudes and behaviors. D. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards. -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors. B. low; low D. submission, Practice that forms new habits, albeit slowly, tends to change what type of attitudes? In pronouncement of 18, the fallacy in this statement has too many questions. C. fear D. large, non-competitive university, You attend a self-help discussion group, where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers, directors, and actors of their own lives. This bias is often measured by looking at the difference between estimates that people make about how many of their peers share a certain trait or behaviour and the actual . D. self-concept, Joe was delighted when his favorite team won the Super Bowl. That is, both of them seem to be engaging in, Sometimes people blow on dice when playing a board game to make sure they get the numbers they need to advance in the game. Later, his fianc tells him that her parents were unimpressed with him. -say that the last flip is more likely to be heads OR say that the last flip is more likely to be tails. A. transparency effect A. strong C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. . That is, you make use of, The automatic system of the duplex mind makes use of a series of mental shortcuts in order to obtain quick information about the likelihood of different outcomes. ", Dr. Canne wants to encourage Kirk to lose weight. Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called: When we accommodate and adjust to personal injuries, romantic breakups, and exam failures, we cope more readily than we would expect. C. relationships. Chapter 2 practice quiz Flashcards | Quizlet C.rewards and distance ourselves from punishment According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, in determining what type of attribution to make for this event, one of the questions you are likely to ask yourself is: "Has Gus ever given me a 'bad check' before?" But Mr. Y thinks that George W. only became president because he was "in the right place at the right time," and had good luck. B. self-schema B. our surrounding culture Although he drives by himself he often speeds along in the carpool lane on the highway. Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answerand then changed it to an incorrect answeras opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. D. headlight effect, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. D. eventual self, According to Schwartz (2000; 2004), individualistic modern cultures have "an excess of freedom," which is positively correlated with: C. hoped-for possible selves; feared possible selves the illusory correlation. D. undecided, John is about to become a father. They forget that there is a difference between the level of knowledge they have on the topic compared to . Social Psychology Midterm - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! In Asch's study, the correct answer/behavior was obvious and when making such judgments alone, almost no mistakes were made. [3] -both as a result of graduate training involving statistical reasoning, and when they are encouraged to carefully consider different alternatives. C. individuality Which of the following will NOT help debias someones thinking? A. people in individualistic countries persist more when they are succeeding Similarly, instead of seeing two dogs, such people might see "a small tan animal with fur and a large brown object with its tongue hanging out." When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced: A)Lying to a friend to avoid embarrassment. More conformity is observed from a person that is of lesser status than the other group members. Given the research on cognitive errors and biases, it can be concluded that. She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. counterfactual thinking. C. self-schema Greg finds out that his application was flat out rejected (he never had a chance), while Marsha finds out that she was the first runner up (she nearly won). (2010) found that Facebook users were _____ accurate in guessing when they agreed with their friends on political issues and _____ accurate in guessing disagreement. C. learned helplessness thinking about her boyfriend even more than she was before. A. chance; skill C. much less prejudiced than others Informational social influence is influence that stems from our desire to be correct in situations in which the correct action of judgment is uncertain. B. narcissists lack an interest in others Your answer should have 2 parts. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual 10/17/2017. FALSE-UNIQUENESS EFFECT - Psychology Dictionary 110.Brian watches smugly as the car ahead of his is pulled over for speeding. B. raise; increase Whenever Yael thinks about bad things happening to her ex-boyfriend, she gets "creeped out;" she feels like she will actually make bad things happen to him just by thinking about it. Suppose that Greg and Marsha both apply for a prestigious scholarship program, and both get rejected. Three-year-old children tend to think that the Stroop test is really easy, as compared to 6-year-old children, 12-year-old children, or adults. He tells Kirk, If you dont start working out soon, you are going to die young and leave your children without a father! Dr. Canne is using a(n). You have created 2 folders. make an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. 10. A. strong persuasion Sociology is the study of groups of people. B. self-handicapping D. there is no immune neglect, In Savitsky and Gilovich's study, public speakers who were informed about the illusion-of-transparency phenomenon felt: In a famous early study in social psychology, fans of two rival football teams were asked to watch footage of an actual game that was very close. It is the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. Cross-Cultural Examination of the False Consensus Effect D. low self-efficacy, The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called: D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. C. high C. positive self-esteem. C. successfully predict That is, it can be __________ in different ways. The belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they actually are is referred to as the ________ effect. B. less attractive than others Who is likely to be more disappointed? C. defensive pessimism D. Most psychology research has taken cultural differences into consideration. Because most people are cognitive misers, they tend to __________ as little as possible. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: Which of the following is the best example of ironic processing interfering with attempted thought suppression? B. they quit working in class because they feel so bad participants made the fundamental attribution error for both types of essays. D. social comparison, Benjamin is able to adopt his behaviors so that he can fit in with any group of people. Marshabecause of the simulation heuristic, Suppose that you are a landlord for an apartment building, and one of your tenants, Gus, has just paid his rent with a "bad check" (i.e., you tried to deposit his rent check in the bank, but the check "bounced" and was returned to you). This is an example of: C. possible self In Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996), participants who were in the rude priming condition were more likely to. It could apply to opinions, values, beliefs or behaviours . C. moderate The so-called "gambler's fallacy" refers to. The opposite of a cognitive miser would be someone who. B. the self-serving bias. B. skill; chance With prices like that, we're bound to have a delicious meal!" This is because many of them were extremely poor, did not own cars or phones, and did not have friends or family nearby; it was virtually impossible for them to evacuate the hurricane area when they heard the hurricane warnings. How does the status of group members impact conformity? the (false) belief that chance events are affected by previous events, and that chance events will "even out" across a relatively short period of time. B. Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people change their attitudes to reduce the cognitive discomfort created by inconsistencies between their attitudes and their behavior. B. small, non-competitive university False Uniqueness Effect. B. self-efficacy C. it can motivate us to achieve Social psychologists refer to this kind of pattern as an, People generally prefer to conserve effort by relying on automatic modes of thought (rather than, Suppose that you are at a departmental meeting at work, and one of your co-workers starts screaming at you and calling you a "stupid freak." Zimbardo's study shows that even emotionally stable, normal young educated people are vulnerable to the power of the situation roles (police, prison guard). Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. D. overestimating, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be legal, and she opposes tax cuts for the wealthy. Is the last flip more likely to be heads, more likely to be tails, or equally likely to be heads or tails? If you assume it is because his car happened to break down right then and there, in the red zone, then you have made, The tendency for people to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which they can imagine or mentally visualize it is known as, A psychologist who performs research on social cognition would be MOST likely to study. C. immune neglect to underestimate the number of other. A. internal C. self-esteem The False Uniqueness Effect suggests that we are not so accurate after all. In this study, participants were asked to read an essay that was supposedly written by another student. C. thoughts This is an example of: C. be happier when the members of their gourd succeed Josh wishes to be passionately loved, rich, and muscular. A. school performance Add images, definitions, examples, synonyms, theories, and customize your content to . Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring: D. see ourselves as better than the average person, D. see ourselves as better than the average person, According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _______ of their future emotions. In other words. Positives and Negatives of the Self-Serving Bias Examples of false consensus effect include believing that all people think that saving the environment is important because you feel that way, believing that all of your married friends must want to have children, because you believe that the only benefit of marriage is procreation, believing that all of your friends B. success and distance ourselves from failure The fact that men and women report having had very different numbers of sex partners can be almost completely explained by the fact that men have engaged in more homosexual sex. A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure B. external We tend to think that others would agree with us or see things our way. Suppose that you meet an old man named Al. In part 2, be sure to explain how this example matches the effect you have chosen. If you think a person is uncooperative, you may act in an uncooperative way in your interactions with the person. If we persist despite initial failures: Language is richer in situation-type terms than trait terms. C. a social comparison C. Most psychology research has been conducted on children from middle-income families. Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates). 1 / 36.
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